A big cover crop of rye can affect multiple years. In 2017 we had rye in a field and in part of the field we worked it and land plained it before the rye grew much. Planted soybeans into tall dead rye and bare soil. Was very little if any difference in soybean yield. Next year strip tilled whole field and planted corn. Corn on area with cover the year before was 40 to 50 bushel better than no cover.  That year it was common for no-till fields to look 20 to 40 bushel better than tilled fields. We had one field that had rye and soybeans the year before that and the corn looked to be about 100 bu better than neighbors tilled field.