Current soil ph of 5.8-6.....   weed patch in 2024......

I'd think hard about a different crop in 2025 - maybe full-season soybeans.  Then plant alfalfa in 2026.

2,4-D . I would not use 2,4-D in the spring when you plant alfalfa.  Too risky for me.

One herbicide to think about... Butyrac .   Butyrac is a variation of 2,4-D.  However, alfalfa can metabolize Butyrac, and it won't affect the alfalfa; where alfalfa cannot metabolize 2,4-D.   If you are dealing with Palmer, you might need to use Butyrac at some point in time.  Maybe educate yourself on Butyrac this winter - when and how to use it  Just a thought.